Germicidal lighting

ABSTRACT

Apparatus, methods and instructions for disinfecting air. The apparatus may include, and the methods may involve, a fixture. The fixture may include a germicidal light source. The fixture may include a fan. The fan may circulate air through a volume into which the germicidal light source propagates germicidal light. The light source may be configured to emit, upward from a horizontal plane, a beam that, absent reflection off an environmental object, does not cross the horizontal plane. The apparatus may include a shield that prevents light from the light source from crossing the horizontal plane. The sensor may face upward from the horizontal plane. The sensor may face downward from the horizontal plane.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a nonprovisional of U.S. Provisional Application Nos.63/026,702, filed May 18, 2020, and 63/027,315, filed May 19, 2020, bothof which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties. Thisapplication claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. 119(a) ofcommonly owned P.R.C. Application No. 202120548631.2, filed Mar. 17,2021 which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Typically, fixtures that include lights are fitted with lights thatilluminate space that is occupied by living beings or sensitive items.Pathogen reduction or elimination in such a space has become desirable.Emission from fixtures of pathogen-killing light or other energy may bedesired. However, pathogen-killing light may be incompatible with theuse of the space by the living beings or for the sensitive items.

It would therefore be desirable to provide apparatus and methods forproviding the light or other energy from a fixture in a manner thatprovides safety for the living beings or the sensitive items.

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS

The objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent uponconsideration of the following detailed description, taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencecharacters refer to like parts throughout, and in which:

FIG. 1 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles of theinvention.

FIG. 2 shows an illustrative schema in accordance with principles of theinvention.

FIG. 3 shows illustrative information in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 4 shows illustrative information in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 5 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles of theinvention.

FIG. 6 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles of theinvention.

FIG. 7 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles of theinvention.

FIG. 8 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles of theinvention.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-section of part of a view taken along viewlines 9-9 of FIG. 7.

FIG. 10 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 11 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 12 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 13 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 14 is a partial cross-section of part of a view taken along viewlines 14-14 of FIG. 7.

FIG. 15 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 16 is a partial cross-section of part of a view taken along viewlines 16-16 of FIG. 7.

FIG. 17 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with the principlesof the invention, in a view analogous to that shown in box 17 of FIG.16.

FIG. 18 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with the principlesof the invention, in a view analogous to that shown in box 18 of FIG.16.

FIG. 19 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with the principlesof the invention, in a view analogous to that shown in box 19 of FIG.16.

FIG. 20 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 21 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 22 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 23 shows schematically illustrative apparatus in accordance withprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 24 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 25 shows schematically illustrative apparatus in accordance withprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 26 shows schematically illustrative apparatus in accordance withprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 27 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 28 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 29 is a partial cross-section taken along view lines 29-29 of FIG.27.

FIG. 30 is a partial cross-section taken along view lines 30(1)-30(1)and 30(2)-30(2) of FIG. 27.

FIG. 31 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 32 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 33 shows illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention.

FIG. 34 shows an illustrative apparatus in accordance with principles ofthe invention in a view analogous to that taken along view lines30(1)-30(1) of FIG. 27.

FIG. 35 shows schematically illustrative apparatus in accordance withprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 36 shows schematically illustrative apparatus in accordance withprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 37 shows schematically illustrative apparatus in accordance withprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 38 shows schematically illustrative apparatus in accordance withprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 39 shows illustrative steps of a process in accordance withprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 40 shows illustrative steps of a process in accordance withprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 41 shows illustrative steps of a process in accordance withprinciples of the invention.

FIG. 42 shows illustrative steps of a process in accordance withprinciples of the invention.

The leftmost digit (e.g., “L”) of a three-digit reference numeral (e.g.,“LRR”), and the two leftmost digits (e.g., “LL”) of a four-digitreference numeral (e.g., “LLRR”), generally identify the first figure inwhich a part is called-out.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Apparatus, methods and algorithms for disinfecting air and surfaces areprovided. The methods may involve the apparatus. The methods may involvethe algorithms. The algorithms may include instructions.

The apparatus may include a support. The support may be configured to besuspended from a structure. The structure may be a ceiling, a dropceiling frame, a wall, a joist, a beam, a stud, a frame or any othersuitable structure.

The apparatus may include a germicidal energy source. The energy sourcemay include an emitter. The emitter may include an ionizing energysource. The emitter may include a light-emitting diode (“LED”).

The energy source may include a light source. The light source mayinclude the emitter.

The light source may be supported by the support. The light source maybe configured to emit, upward from a horizontal plane, a beam that,absent reflection off an environmental object, does not cross thehorizontal plane.

The apparatus may include a shield that prevents light from the lightsource from crossing the horizontal plane.

The light source may be configured to neutralize a virion. The lightsource may be configured to neutralize a bacterium. The light source maybe configured to neutralize a fungus.

The light source may be disposed in a fixture that may be configured todirect the beam. Table 1 lists illustrative fixtures.

TABLE 1 Illustrative fixtures Light Fan Audio speaker Audio/Videoprojector Camera Sensor Other suitable fixtures

The fixture may include one or more devices. Table 2 lists illustrativedevices.

TABLE 2 Illustrative devices LED Switch Electro-acoustic transducerVideo display Microphone Motor Linear actuator Antenna RF transmitter RFreceiver Transponder Motion sensor Ionizing electrodes Light sensorOther suitable devices

The fixture may intersect the horizontal plane.

The light source may include an array of light emitting diodes. Thearray may intersect the horizontal plane.

A diode may face upward. A diode may face horizontally. A diode may becanted at an angle between the upward direction and the verticaldirection. A diode may face downward.

The light source may include a light tape. The array may define thehorizontal plane.

The light source may be embedded in a chip. The horizontal plane may becoincident with a surface of the chip.

The light source may include an emitter that emits light having awavelength that may be no longer than that of ultraviolet light.

The wavelength may be in the UV-A spectrum. The wavelength may be in theUV-B spectrum. The wavelength may be in the UV-C spectrum. Thewavelength may be bactericidal. The wavelength may be virucidal. Thewavelength may be fungicidal. The wavelength may be 275 nm. Table 3lists illustrative ranges that may include a germicidal wavelength.

TABLE 3 Illustrative ranges that may include a germicidal wavelengthRange Lower Upper <250 255 255 260 260 265 265 270 270 275 275 280 280285 285 290 290 295 295 300 300 305 305 >310 Other suitable ranges thatmay include a germicidal wavelength

The germicidal wavelength may be produced by an emitter such as a 3030series (CUD7QF1A) UV-C emitter, available from Seoul Viosys(www.seoulviosys.com).

The light source may be configured to disinfect air above the horizontalplane. The air may be flowing relative to the light source. The air maybe in circulation about a room.

The light source may include an array of light-emitting diodes. Thearray may be circular, polyhedral, or may have any other suitable shape.

The shield may surround the array.

The apparatus may include a controller. The controller may be configuredto control the light source.

The controller may be configured to deliver to the air a selected amountof energy.

The selected amount of energy may be based on a volume of the air. Theselected amount of energy may be based on a flow rate of the air

The apparatus may include one or more sensors. A sensor may beconfigured to sense or detect a characteristic or condition in anenvironment. The sensor may be mounted on a swivel-based. The user mayselect the orientation of the sensor by moving the sensor relative tothe swivel base.

The sensor may face radially away from a plumb direction that runsthrough the fixture in which the light source is disposed.

The apparatus may include a range sensor configured to estimate adistance between the horizontal plane and a structure below which thesupport may be suspended. The structure may be a ceiling. The apparatusmay include a “workspace” light. The workspace light may include ahousing of extruded aluminum.

The emitter may have a beam spread. The beam spread and the distance maydefine a beam volume. The controller may be configured to estimate thebeam volume. The beam volume may be defined by: an inner beam angle; anouter beam angle; and a distance to the support. A captive volume may bedefined by a product of: a horizontal dimension of a fan and thedistance to the support. The captive volume may be a “target zone.” Thehorizontal dimension may be an area swept out by a fan blade in arevolution about the support. The horizontal dimension may be any othersuitable horizontal dimension of the fixture. The beam volume mayinclude space occupied by the fixture itself, such as mount M. The beamvolume may exclude space occupied by the fixture itself, such as mountM. The captive volume may include space occupied by the fixture itself,such as mount M. The captive volume may exclude space occupied by thefixture itself, such as mount M. A treatment volume ratio may be definedas the ratio of the beam volume to the captive volume.

The blade may induce vertical circulation in environment E. The verticalcirculation may bring air from different levels in environment E intothe captive volume. The blade may induce horizontal circulation throughthe captive volume. The blade may induce vertical circulation throughthe captive volume. The blade may induce mixed vertical and horizontalcirculation through the captive volume. The blade may induce mixing inthe captive volume.

Table 4 lists illustrative values of treatment volume ratios.

TABLE 4 Illustrative treatment strengths (V_(beam): V_(captive)) LowerUpper 0.50 0.55 0.55 0.60 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.70 0.70 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.800.85 0.85 0.90 0.90 0.95 0.95 1.00 1.00 1.05 1.05 1.10 1.10 1.15 1.151.2 1.2 >1.2 Other suitable Other suitable lower limits upper limits

The apparatus may include a velocity-measuring instrument. Thevelocity-measuring instrument may be used to estimate an exchange rateof the air in the captive volume. The amount of energy may be based onthe captive volume and the exchange rate.

The apparatus may include an LED driver circuit. The LED driver circuitmay be configured to adjust a duration (“ON-time”) of the energy.

The LED driver circuit may be configured to adjust a frequency of theenergy.

The LED driver circuit may be configured to adjust an intensity of theenergy.

A beam intensity may be selected to deliver a predetermined energy tothe beam volume. A beam intensity may be selected to deliver apredetermined energy to the captive volume. A beam intensity may beselected to cause a predetermined areal energy density at the distance.

The apparatus may include a sensor that is configured to detect apresence of a living body. The sensor may be a motion sensor. Thecontroller may be configured to change a beam characteristic of thelight source in response to detection of the living body by the sensor.The beam characteristic may be a fixture parameter. The fixture maypower OFF the beam in response to the motion.

The living body may be a person.

The apparatus may include a fan blade. The fan blade may be configuredto revolve about the support. The apparatus may include amicroprocessor. The motion sensor may be configured to detect a firstelectromagnetic signal. The microprocessor may be configured to subtractfrom the first electromagnetic signal a second electromagnetic signalcaused by the fan blade.

The microprocessor may be programmable.

The apparatus may include a microcontroller. The microcontroller may beprogrammable.

The motion sensor may face upward from the horizontal plane.

The motion sensor may face downward from the horizontal plane.

The apparatus may include a motion sensor. The motion sensor may beconfigured to detect a reflection of light from the light source from astructure.

The structure may be a ceiling.

The structure may be a wall.

The structure may be a structure that extends vertically at a horizontaldistance from the light source.

The controller may be configured to change a beam characteristic of thelight source in response to the reflection.

The characteristic may be energy emission.

The characteristic may be energy intensity.

The light source may be disposed in the fixture; and the fixture maysupport a louver that may be configured to direct the beam.

The fixture may include a motor that is configured to adjust an attitude(angle) of the louver. The fixture may include a motor-control. Themotor control may be configured to control the motor. The motor controlmay be configured to receive from the controller an instruction toadjust the attitude.

The fixture may include a motor that is configured to adjust a verticalposition of the louver. The fixture may include a motor-control. Themotor control may be configured to control the motor. The motor controlmay be configured to receive from the controller an instruction toadjust the vertical position.

The louver may have opaque walls. The louver may have an opaque top. Thelouver may block laterally-directed radiation propagating from thearray. The louver may block vertically-directed radiation propagatingfrom the array.

The apparatus may include a stray-light sensing circuit. The stray-lightsensing circuit may be configured to sense, outside the captive volume,light from the light source. The stray-light sensing circuit may beconfigured to responsively transmit a signal to the controller to promptthe instruction.

The support may support the circuit.

The light source may be disposed in a fixture; and the fixture maysupport a reflector that may be configured to direct the beam.

The fixture may include a motor. The motor may be configured to adjustan attitude of the reflector. The fixture may include a motor control.The motor-control may be configured to control the motor. Themotor-control may be configured to receive from the controller aninstruction to adjust the attitude.

The apparatus may include a stray-light sensing circuit. The stray-lightsensing circuit may be configured to sense, outside the captive volume,light from the light source. The stray-light sensing circuit may beconfigured to responsively transmit a signal to the controller to promptthe instruction.

The support may support the circuit.

The apparatus may include a range sensor. The range sensor may beconfigured to estimate a distance below the horizontal plane and above afloor above which the support may be suspended. The controller may beconfigured to change the beam characteristic of the light source inresponse to the distance.

The apparatus may include lensing disposed over the light source.

The lensing may have UV-C transmissivity in a range. Table 5 listsillustrative ranges of transmissivity.

TABLE 5 Illustrative ranges of transmissivity Lower Upper 0.50 0.55 0.550.60 0.60 0.65 0.65 0.70 0.70 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.80 0.85 0.85 0.90 0.900.95 0.95 >0.95 Other suitable Other suitable lower limits upper limits

The apparatus may include a housing. The apparatus may include aliquid-tight seal. The light source may be disposed in the housing. Theseal may seal between the lensing and the housing.

The apparatus may include a coating. The coating may be disposed on asurface of the lensing.

The apparatus may include a motor. The motor may be configured to adjusta distance between the light source and the lensing to change a beamangle of the beam.

The apparatus may include a control interface in electroniccommunication with the controller. The control interface may beconfigured to receive an instruction conforming to a lighting controlprotocol.

Table 6 lists illustrative protocols.

TABLE 6 Illustrative control protocols DMX DALI Triac 0-10 Volt variablevoltage Custom-user defined Default-provided in memory Other suitablethird party control protocol

The control interface may be configured to override the instruction whenthe instruction is configured to reduce an amount of energy emitted fromthe light source.

The apparatus may include a circuit that may be configured to provide tothe light source a predetermined amount of power when the instruction isconfigured to reduce an amount of energy emitted from the light source.

The apparatus may include, when the circuit is a first circuit, a secondcircuit that may be configured to provide power to the light circuitsubject to the instruction.

The first circuit may be parallel the second circuit.

The first circuit may be in serial connection with the second circuit.

The light source may be powered by a line voltage. The first circuit mayhave a first source of power drawn from the line voltage. The secondcircuit may have a second source of power drawn from the line voltage.The first source of power may be distinct from the second source ofpower.

The apparatus may include a fan supported by the support. The fan may beoperative to flow room air through the beam. The fan may be operable inan updraft mode. In the updraft mode, the fan may draw room air up froma lower region of a room. The fan may be operable in a downdraft mode.In the downdraft mode, the fan may force room air down from an upperregion of a room. The microprocessor may be configured to adjust thelight source to provide a level of disinfecting energy that iscorrelated with a setting of the fan. The setting may be a speedsetting. The setting may be a direction setting.

The apparatus may include, and the methods and instructions may involve,the germicidal light source. The germicidal light source may beconfigured to be supported by a support suspended below a ceiling. Thegermicidal light source may be configured to emit, upward from ahorizontal plane, a beam that, absent reflection off an environmentalobject, does not cross the horizontal plane.

The germicidal energy source may be supported by the support. Thegermicidal energy source may be configured to emit into the airgermicidal energy. A fan blade may cause relative motion of the air withrespect to the energy source.

The germicidal energy source may include a cathode. The germicidalenergy source may include an anode. The germicidal energy may betransmitted in an electrical field established between the cathode andthe anode.

The apparatus may include a rotatable electrical power contact. Thecontact may be configured to rotate about the axis. The contact mayinclude a brush. The contact may be configured to receive electricalpower from a conductor rotationally fixed to the support. The contactmay be configured to provide the electrical power to the emitter. Theemitter may be fixed to the blade. The emitter may be fixed to a top ofthe blade. The emitter may be fixed to a bottom of the blade.

The energy may have an intensity that is sufficient to ionize a gasmolecule. The gas molecule may include oxygen. The gas molecule mayinclude nitrogen.

The apparatus may include the support configured to be suspended from astructure; a germicidal light source and the fixture. The support maysupport the fixture. The support may support the light source. Thefixture may direct a beam from the light source to a zone below thesupport.

The apparatus may include a light absorption panel. The panel may bedisposed to prevent light from illuminating a structure. The panel maybe disposed to prevent light from illuminating a surface. The panel maybe disposed to prevent light from reaching a structure from which thelight might reflect to a location outside the captive volume. The panelmay be disposed to prevent light from reaching a surface from which thelight might reflect to a location outside the captive volume.

The germicidal light source may be configured to neutralize a virion.The germicidal light source may be configured to neutralize a bacterium.The light source may be disposed in a fixture that may be configured todirect the beam.

The light source may include an emitter that emits light having awavelength that is no longer than ultraviolet. The wavelength may be inthe UV-A spectrum. The wavelength may be in the UV-B spectrum. Thewavelength may be in the UV-C spectrum.

The light source may be configured to disinfect a surface of an objectin the zone.

The light source may include a circular array of light-emitting diodes.

The apparatus may include a controller that may be configured to controlthe beam. The controller may be configured to control the light source.The controller may be configured to control the fixture in which thelight source is disposed. The controller may be configured to cause thelight source to emit to the captive volume or the beam volume a selectedamount of energy.

The selected amount of energy may be selectable by a user.

The controller may be configured to adjust a duration of emission of theenergy. The controller may be configured to adjust a frequency of theenergy. The controller may be configured to adjust an intensity of theenergy.

The controller may be configured to change a beam characteristic of thelight source in response to a detection by the motion sensor. The motionsensor may be mounted in a user-selected location.

The sensor may be a photosensor. The photosensor may be configured todetect a reflection of light from the light source from a structure. Thestructure may be a ceiling. The structure may be a wall. The structuremay be a structure that extends vertically at a horizontal distance fromthe light source.

The controller may be configured to change a beam characteristic of thelight source in response to the reflection. The characteristic may beenergy emission. The characteristic may be energy intensity.

The light source may be disposed in the fixture; and the fixture maysupport a louver that may be configured to direct the beam.

The fixture may include a motor that is configured to adjust an attitudeof the louver. The fixture may include a motor-control. The motorcontrol may be configured to control the motor. The motor control may beconfigured to receive from the controller an instruction to adjust theattitude.

The apparatus may include a stray-light sensing circuit. The stray-lightsensing circuit may be configured to sense, outside the captive volume,light from the light source. The stray-light sensing circuit may beconfigured to responsively transmit a signal to the controller to promptthe instruction.

The support may support the circuit.

The light source may be disposed in a fixture; and the fixture maysupport a reflector that may be configured to direct the beam.

The fixture may include a motor. The motor may be configured to adjustan attitude of the reflector. The fixture may include a motor control.The motor-control may be configured to control the motor. Themotor-control may be configured to receive from the controller aninstruction to adjust the attitude.

The apparatus may include a stray-light sensing circuit. The stray-lightsensing circuit may be configured to sense, outside the zone, light fromthe light source. The stray-light sensing circuit may be configured toresponsively transmit a signal to the controller to prompt theinstruction.

The apparatus may include lensing disposed over the light source.

The lensing may have UV-C transmissivity.

The apparatus may include a housing. The apparatus may include aliquid-tight seal. The light source may be disposed in the housing. Theseal may seal between the lensing and the housing.

The apparatus may include a coating disposed on a surface of thelensing.

The apparatus may include a motor configured to adjust a distancebetween the light source and the lensing to change a beam angle of thebeam.

The apparatus may include a control interface in electroniccommunication with the controller. The control interface may beconfigured to receive an instruction conforming to a lighting controlprotocol. The control interface may be configured to override theinstruction when the instruction is configured to reduce an amount ofenergy emitted from the light source.

The apparatus may include a circuit that may be configured to provide tothe light source a predetermined amount of power when the instruction isconfigured to reduce an amount of energy emitted from the light source.

The circuit may be a first circuit. The apparatus may include a secondcircuit that may be configured to provide power to the light sourcesubject to the instruction. The first circuit may be parallel the secondcircuit. The first circuit may be in serial connection with the secondcircuit.

The light source may be powered by a line voltage. The first circuit mayhave a first source of power drawn from the line voltage. The secondcircuit may have a second source of power drawn from the line voltage.The first source of power may be distinct from the second source ofpower.

The fixture may include a visible light emitter. The visible lightemitter may emit one or more colored lights to signal to signal to theuser a status of the fixture. For example, Yellow: “A germicidal featureof the fixture is about to turn on (after delay time).” Red: one or bothof (1) “A germicidal feature of the fixture will turn on in X seconds,”where X=a predetermined number of seconds between 0.1 and 60, or anyother suitable number; and (2) “A germicidal feature of the fixture iscurrently on.” Green: “A disinfection cycle has been completed.” X maybe user-selected. X may be shorter than the delay time.

The light source may include a user-cuttable light tape. Illustrativeembodiments of apparatus and methods in accordance with the principlesof the invention will now be described with reference to theaccompanying drawings, which forma part hereof. It is to be understoodthat other embodiments may be utilized and that structural, functionaland procedural modifications or omissions may be made without departingfrom the scope and spirit of the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows illustrative architecture 100 for providing germicidallight. Architecture 100 may include fixture arrangement 102.Architecture 100 may include fixture control module 104. Architecture100 may include inputs 106. Architecture 100 may include wide areanetwork 108. Architecture 100 may include one or more fixtures such asfixtures 110 and 112.

Communication between fixture arrangement 102 and fixture control module104 may be wired. Communication between fixture arrangement 102 andfixture control module 104 may be wireless. Communication betweenfixture control module 104 and inputs 106 may be wired. Communicationbetween fixture control module 104 and inputs 106 may be wireless.

Fixture arrangement 102 may be disposed in or near environment E.Environment E may be an indoor environment. Environment E may be anoutdoor environment. Environment E may include one or more elements,such as work stand W, floor F, partition P, surface U of partition P,and structure S, or other suitable elements. Table 7 lists illustrativework stands.

TABLE 7 Illustrative work stands Counter top Table top Storage shelvesWork bench Work stand Work space surface Kitchen countertop Work benchSink Closet shelf Closet garment rack Other suitable work stands

Environment E may include captive volume V₁, above horizontal plane h.Environment E may include captive volume V₂, above horizontal plane h,and captive volume V₂, below horizontal plane g.

Control module 104 may be disposed apart from fixture arrangement 102.Fixture control module 104 may disposed in or on fixture arrangement102. Fixture control module 104 may be disposed in or on a fixture offixture arrangement 102.

Fixture arrangement 102 may include fixture support 116. Fixturearrangement 102 may be supported by mount M. Mount M may fix fixturesupport 116 to structure S. Structure S may include a ceiling, a wall, abeam, cabinet, a free-standing object or any other suitable structure. hshows a level of a horizontal plane. Fixture support 116 may support oneor more fixtures such as fixtures 110 and 112. One or more of thefixtures may be disposed on top of fixture support 116. One or more ofthe fixtures may be disposed on bottom of fixture support 116. One ormore of the fixtures may be disposed on a side of fixture support 116.One or more of the fixtures may be disposed on an end of fixture support116.

Architecture 100 may include one or more sensors. The sensors mayinclude a range sensor such as 132 and 134. The range sensor may sense adistance to a surface. The sensors may include a temperature sensor suchas 136 and 138. The temperature sensor may sense an ambient temperature.The temperature sensor may sense a temperature or a differentialtemperature of a surface at a distance from the sensor. The sensors mayinclude a motion sensors such as 140 and 142. The sensors may includeone or more light sensors (not shown). The light sensor may sensevisible light. The light sensor may sense UV light. Architecture 100 mayinclude one or more sources of ionizing energy.

Fixture control module 104 may include fixture controller 118. Fixturecontrol module 104 may include user interface 120. Fixture controller118 may be in electrical communication with line power 122. Line power122 may provide two-phase or three-phase power at 110 V or 220 V, DCvoltage at any suitable level, or any other suitable voltage. Fixturecontroller 118 may include a battery (not shown).

Input 106 may include user communication device 124. Table 8 listsillustrative user communication devices.

TABLE 8 Illustrative user communication devices Mobile phone Tablet PCRemote control Dimmer switch Power switch Other suitable usercommunication devices

Fixture controller 118 may be in wired electrical communication withfixtures of fixture arrangement 102. The wired electrical communicationmay be provided by cable 117. The wired electrical communication mayprovide power to with fixtures of fixture arrangement 102. The wiredelectrical communication may provide for exchange of information 126with fixtures of fixture arrangement 102. Fixture controller 118 mayprovide the power and the information over different conductors. Fixturecontroller 118 may provide the power and the information simultaneouslyover a conductor, as is done in power line control methods.

Information 126 may include control messages 128.

Table 9 lists illustrative control messages.

TABLE 9 Illustrative control messages Change beam spread angle Changebeam edge angle (inner radius of annular array) Change beam edge angle(outer radius of annular array) Change beam tilt relative to verticalaxis Power ON-germicidal and marker light Power ON Delay-germicidal andmarker light Power ON Duration-germicidal and marker light PowerOFF-visible light Power ON-visible light Set Power ON Delay-visiblelight Set Power ON Duration-visible light Power OFF-visible light Othersuitable control messages

Information 126 may include fixture parameters 130.

Table 10 lists illustrative fixture parameters.

TABLE 10 Illustrative fixture parameters Beam spread angle Beam edgeangle (inner radius of annular array) Beam edge angle (outer radius ofannular array) Beam longitude relative to vertical axis PowerON-germicidal and marker light Power ON Delay-germicidal and markerlight Power ON Duration-germicidal and marker light Power OFF-visiblelight Power ON-visible light Power ON Delay-visible light Power ONDuration-visible light Power OFF-visible light Combination of any of theabove Other suitable fixture parameters

Fixture control module 104 may be in communication with input 106.

A user may input a user command to user interface 120.

Table 11 lists illustrative user commands.

TABLE 11 Illustrative user commands Power ON Power OFF Set fan speed Setvisible light intensity Power ON-germicidal and marker light Power ONDelay-germicidal and marker light Power ON Duration-germicidal andmarker light Power OFF-visible light Power ON-visible light Set Power ONDelay-visible light Set Power ON Duration-visible light PowerOFF-visible light Reset a fixture parameter Other suitable user commands

User interface 120 may include a data input device. The data inputdevice may include one or more of a touch screen, a key pad and anyother suitable device.

The user may input the user command from user communication device 124.

FIG. 2 shows illustrative arrangement 200. Arrangement 200 may beincluded in fixture 112. Arrangement 200 may include housing 202.Housing 202 may have one or more features in common with fixture support116. Arrangement 200 may include mount 204. Mount 204 may have one ormore features in common with mount M. Mount 204 may include canopy 205.Arrangement 200 may include fixture 206. Fixture 206 may include alight. Arrangement 200 may include fixture 208. Fixture 208 may includea fan. Fixture 206 may include array 210. Array 210 may includegermicidal emitters. Array 210 may include any suitable number ofgermicidal emitters. Table 12 lists illustrative ranges that may includea number of germicidal emitters in array 210.

TABLE 12 Illustrative ranges that may include a number of germicidalemitters in array 210 Range Lower Upper 1 5 5 9 9 13 13 17 17 21 21 2525 29 29 33 33 37 37 41 41 45 45 49 49 53 53 57 57 61 61 65 65 69 69 7373 77 77 81 81 85 85 89 89 93 93 97 97 101 101 >101 Other suitableranges that may include a number of emitters in array 210

Array 210 may include one or more visible light emitters.

Fixture 208 may include blades 212. A motor inside housing 202 may causeblades 212 to rotate about axis L1. In motion, blades 212 may circulateair from environment E into captive volume V₁. Array 210 may treat theair when it moves through captive volume V₁.

FIG. 3 shows schema 300. Schema 300 defines treatment factors forarrangement 200. Table 13 lists illustrative factors and definitions.

TABLE 13 Illustrative fixture factors Illustrative definition V_(1,2)Captive volumes h₁ Vertical height from lowest edge of blades 212 tostructure S h₂ Vertical height from highest edge of blades 212 tostructure S h₃ Vertical height from emitters in array 210 to structure Sr₀ Radial (direction R) distance from L₁ to emitters in array 210 r₁Radial distance from L₁ to outer edge of housing 202 r₂ Radial distanceto outer extent of canopy 205 r₃ Radial distance to inner edge of beamincident on structure S r₄ Radial distance to tip of blades 212 r₅Radial distance to outer edge of beam incident on structure S β Beamspread angle from array 210 θ₁ Angle (in direction θ) from horizontalplan h through emitters of array 210 to outer edge of beam θ₂ Angle (indirection θ) from horizontal plan h through emitters of array 210 toinner edge of beam Dz Height, above work stand, of bottom of fixture αAngle of beam edge relative to vertical, along d c Length of work standd Depth of work stand γ Angle of beam edge relative to vertical, along cOther Other suitable definitions suitable fixture factors

A beam edge may be defined by a decrease of 50% intensity relative to amaximum intensity of the beam. Beam edges may be identified by opticalgoniometry.

θ₂ may exceed 90°. θ₁ may be an angle that is not less than zero.

β may be adjusted by one or more LCD electric-field-focused lenses. r₅may exceed r₄.

Table 14 lists illustrative ranges that may include light:blade ratior₅:r₄.

TABLE 14 Illustrative ranges that may include light:blade ratio r₅:r₄Range Lower Upper 0.1 0.15 0.15 0.2 0.2 0.25 0.25 0.3 0.3 0.35 0.35 0.40.4 0.45 0.45 0.5 0.5 0.55 0.55 0.6 0.6 0.65 0.65 0.7 0.7 0.75 0.75 0.80.8 0.85 0.85 0.9 0.9 0.95 0.95 1 1 1.05 1.05 1.1 1.1 1.15 1.15 1.2 1.21.25 1.25 1.3 1.3 1.35 1.35 1.4 1.4 1.45 1.45 1.5 1.5 1.55 1.55 1.6 1.61.65 1.65 1.7 1.7 1.75 1.75 1.8 1.8 1.85 1.85 1.9 1.9 1.95 1.95 2 2 2.052.05 2.1 2.1 2.15 2.15 2.2 2.2 2.25 2.25 2.3 2.3 2.35 2.35 2.4 2.4 2.452.45 2.5 2.5 >2.5 Other suitable ranges that may include light:bladeratio r₅:r₄

Table 15 lists illustrative ranges that may include an illuminationintensity of each UV-C emitter in array 210.

TABLE 15 Illustrative ranges that may include an illumination intensityof each UV-C emitter in array 210 (radiant flux, mW) Range Lower Upper<3.5 3.50 3.50 3.55 3.55 3.60 3.60 3.65 3.65 3.70 3.70 3.75 3.75 3.803.80 3.85 3.85 3.90 3.90 3.95 3.95 4.00 4.00 4.05 4.05 >4.05 Othersuitable ranges that may include illumination intensity of array 210

FIG. 4 shows fixture factors projected along L₁ onto structure S, whenstructure S is a flat horizontal surface.

FIG. 5 shows illustrative arrangement 500. Arrangement 500 may have oneor more features in common with arrangement 200. Arrangement 500 may beincluded in fixture 112. Arrangement 500 may include housing 502.Housing 502 may have one or more features in common with fixture support116. Arrangement 500 may include mount 504. Mount 504 may have one ormore features in common with mount M. Mount 504 may include canopy 505.Arrangement 500 may include fixture 506. Fixture 506 may include alight. Arrangement 500 may include fixture 508. Fixture 508 may includea fan. Fixture 506 may include an array (not shown) of germicidalemitters. Fixture 508 may include blades 512. A motor inside housing 502may cause blades 512 to rotate about axis L₅. In motion, blades 512 maycirculate air from environment E into captive volume V₁. The array maytreat the air when it moves through captive volume V₁

Fixture 506 may include platform 514. Platform 514 may support thearray. Fixture 506 may include shield 516. Platform 514 may supportshield 516. Shield 516 may include quartz glass. The quartz glass mayhave a transmissivity of UVC light. Shield 516 may prevent dust fromenvironment E from settling on the array. Shield 516 may be displaceablefrom platform 514. This may provide access by a user to the array.Shield 516 may be removable from fixture 506.

Mount 504 may include bracket 518. Bracket 518 may include holes forfasteners (not shown). The fasteners may attach fixture 506 to structureS. Mount 504 may include hanger 520. Hanger 520 may engage bracket 518at an upper joint (not shown). Hanger 520 may engage fixtures 506 at alower joint (not shown). Hanger 520 may engage fixture 508 at the lowerjoint or another lower joint (not shown). Mount 504 may include cover522. Cover 522 may cover the lower joint or the other lower joint.

FIG. 6 shows shield 516. Shield 516 may include panel 602. Shield 516may include panel 604. Panels 602 and 604 are shown offset from eachother for the sake of illustration. One or both of panels 602 and 604may span an arc of less than 360°. The difference between 360° and thearc may define a gap. The gap may provide clearance relative to mount504 for the panel to be removed from the fixture. This may provideaccess to array 210, which may be removable for service or repair.

FIG. 7 shows in part arrangement 500 with shield 516 removed. Array 702is disposed on platform 514. Array 702 may include substrate 704. Array702 may include emitters 706. Wires 708 may deliver power to an LEDdriver circuit (not shown) via connector 710. Wires 708 may be ledthrough hanger 520 to line power in structure S. Array 702 may includesegment 712. Array 702 may include segment 714. All or some of emitters706 and all or some components of the driver circuit may be disposed onsegment 712. All or some of emitters 706 and all or some components ofthe driver circuit may be disposed on segment 714.

FIG. 8 shows array 702. One or both of segments 712 and 714 may span anarc of less than 360°. Segments 712 and 714 are shown offset from eachother for the sake of illustration. The difference between 360° and thearc may define a gap. The gap may provide clearance relative to mount504 for the array to be removed from the fixture.

FIG. 9 is a partial cross-section of arrangement 500, along the viewlines shown in FIG. 9. Drive shaft 902 may be bracketed to hanger 520.Drive shaft 902 may be rotationally (about axis L₅) fixed with respectto hanger 520. Drive shaft 902 may be longitudinally (along axis L₅)fixed with respect to hanger 520. Electric motor 904 may includewindings (not shown) and magnets (not shown) that cause motor 904 torotate about axis L₅ relative to drive shaft 902. Motor 904 may applytorque to drive shaft 902 via one or more collars such as collar 906.

Arrangement 500 may include disc 908. Disc 908 may be attached to motor904. Disc 908 may rotationally (about axis L₅) fixed relative to motor904. Disc 908 may include mounting holes such as 910 for attaching disc908 to motor 904 via fasteners.

Housing 502 may be rotationally (about axis L₅) fixed relative to motor904. disc 908 may fix housing 502 to motor 904.

Arrangement 500 may include flange 912. Flange 912 may be rotationally(about axis L₅) fixed relative to hanger 520. Flange 912 may belongitudinally (along axis L₅) fixed relative to hanger 520. Flange 912may be rotationally (about axis L₅) fixed relative to drive shaft 902.Flange 912 may be longitudinally (along axis L₅) fixed relative to driveshaft 902.

Flange 912 may include ledge 914. Ledge 914 may limit the insertion ofhanger 520 into flange 912.

Flange 912 may support platform 514. Platform 514 may include outer edge915. Outer edge 915 may be inside rim 916 of housing 502. Outer edge 915may be (although not shown) outside rim 916 of housing 502. Outer edge915 may be below rim 916 of housing 502. Outer edge 915 may be (althoughnot shown) above rim 916 of housing 502.

A fastener such as knurled bolt 918 may fasten platform 514 to flange912.

Arrangement 500 may include ring 920. Arrangement 500 may include ring922. Rings 920 and 922 may secure inner radial edges 924 and 926, ofpanels 602 and 604, respectively. Ring 920 may be disposed above edges924 and 926. Ring 922 may be disposed below edges 924 and 926. Bolt 918may apply compression to skirt 925 and platform 514. The compression maycompress rings 920 and 922 against edges 924 and 926. This may securepanels 602 and 604 against displacement. Such displacement may be aconsequence of vibrations or rocking from motor 904. Shelf 928 ofplatform 514 may support outer radial edges 930 and 932 of panels 602and 604, respectively. Shelf 934 may support array 702.

Arrangement 500 may include guard plate 936. Guard plate 936 may preventwires 708 from contacting motor 094.

Guard plate 936 may be longitudinally fixed relative to drive shaft 902.

To replace a segment of array 702, a user may slide cover 522 upward,release panels 602 and 604 by backing of bolts such as 918, disconnectconnector 710 from array 702, and remove one or both of segments 712 and714 from platform 514. New segments may be placed in platform 514 andconnected to connector 710. Panels 602 and 604 may be re-installed andre-secured. Cover 522 may be restored to its operational position.

Housing 502 may include buttresses such 938. Tabs such as 940 of bladesupports 942 may be secured inside housing 502. Tab 940 may be securedto buttress 938 by a fastener (not shown).

FIG. 10 shows illustrative blade bracket 1000. Bracket 1000 may includetab 940. Bracket 1000 may include surface 1002. Surface 1002 may bedisposed flush against housing 502 when tab 940 is attached tobuttresses such as 938. Bracket 1000 may include recess 1006. Bracket1000 may include top side 1004. Top side 1004 may include recess 1006.Recess 1006 may receive a blade such as 512. Bracket 1000 may includebosses such as 1008. Boss 1008 may fix positions corresponding holes inthe blades. Boss 1008 may receive a fastener (not shown) that fastensthe blade to bracket 1000. Edge 1010 may abut a corresponding surface onblade 512.

FIG. 11 shows that bracket 1000 may include bottom side 1102.

FIG. 12 shows blade 512. Blade 512 may include top side 1202. Blade 512may include mounting end 1204. Mounting end 1204 may conform to recess1006. Mounting end 1204 may include mounting holes such as 1206.Mounting holes 1206 may align with bosses such as 1008. Edge 1208 mayabut edge 1010 of bracket 1000.

FIG. 13 shows blade 512 from a perspective that is different from thatshown in FIG. 12. Blade 512 may include bottom side 1302.

FIG. 14 shows arrangement 500 from a perspective that is different fromthat shown in FIG. 9.

FIG. 15 shows illustrative arrangement 1500. Arrangement 1500 may haveone or more features in common with arrangement 200. Arrangement 1500may be included in fixture 112. Arrangement 1500 may include housing1502. Housing 1502 may have one or more features in common with fixturesupport 116. Arrangement 1500 may include mount 1504. Mount 1504 mayhave one or more features in common with mount M. Mount 1504 may includecanopy 1505. Arrangement 1500 may include fixture 1506. Fixture 1506 mayinclude a light. Arrangement 1500 may include fixture 1508. Fixture 1508may include a fan. Fixture 1506 may include array 1510 of germicidalemitters. Fixture 1508 may include blades 1512. A motor (not shown)inside housing 1502 may cause blades 1512 to rotate about axis L₁₃. Inmotion, blades 1512 may circulate air from environment E into captivevolume V₁. The array may treat the air when it moves through captivevolume V₁.

Fixture 1506 may include platform 1514. Platform 1514 may support thearray. Fixture 1506 may include a shield (not shown) for array 1510.Platform 1514 may support shield the shield. The shield may includequartz glass. The quartz glass may have a transmissivity of UVC light.The shield may prevent dust from environment E from settling on thearray. The shield may be displaceable from platform 1514. This mayprovide access by a user to the array. The shield may be removable fromfixture 1506.

Mount 1504 may include hanger 1520. Hanger 1520 may engage a bracket(not shown) at an upper joint (not shown). Hanger 1520 may engagefixture 1506 at a lower joint (not shown). Hanger 1520 may engagefixture 1508 at the lower joint or another lower joint (not shown).Cover 1521 may cover the lower joint the other lower joint.

Arrangement 1500 may include louver 1522. Louver 1522 may includevertical blinds such as radial blinds 1524. Louver 1522 may includevertical blind such as circumferential blind 1526. Louver 1522 mayinclude vertical blind such as circumferential blind 1527. The blindsmay define open windows such as 1528. Louver 1522 may be deployed onhousing 1502. Louver 1522 may reduce radiation from array 1510 thatpropagates in a non-vertical direction. This may reduce the propagationof light to areas in environment E that are desired to be protected fromthe light. Housing 1502 may include groove 1530. Louver 1522 may beplaced such that circumferential blind 1526 extends into groove 1530.Louver 1522 may be placed such that circumferential blind 1527circumscribes cover 1521. An outer surface of cover 1521 may centerlouver 1522 relative to axis L₁₃ as louver is lowered toward groove1530.

Louver 1522 may be deployed manually. Louver 1522 may be deployed byreleasing louver 1522 from canopy 1505. Guides (not shown) may guidelouver 1522 from canopy 1505 to the deployed state. Arrangement 1500 mayinclude a sensor (not shown) that detects the presence of an object orperson in environment E. The sensor may trigger the release of louver1522. Louver 1522 may provide glare control].

FIG. 16 shows illustrative arrangement 1600. Arrangement 1600 may haveone or more features in common with arrangement 200. Arrangement 1600 isshown from a perspective defined by view lines 16-16 in FIG. 15.Arrangement 1600 may be included in fixture 112. Arrangement 1600 mayinclude housing 1602. Housing 1602 may have one or more features incommon with fixture support 116. Arrangement 1600 may include mount1604. Mount 1604 may have one or more features in common with mount M.Mount 1604 may include canopy 1605. Arrangement 1600 may include fixture1606. Fixture 1606 may include a light. Arrangement 1600 may includefixture 1608. Fixture 1608 may include a fan. Fixture 1606 may includean array 1607 of germicidal emitters. Fixture 1608 may include blades1612. Motor 1613 inside housing 1602 may cause blades 1612 to rotateabout axis L₁₆. In motion, blades 1612 may circulate air fromenvironment E into captive volume V₁. The array may treat the air whenit moves through captive volume V₁.

Fixture 1606 may include platform 1614. Platform 1614 may support thearray. Fixture 1606 may include shield 1616. Platform 1614 may supportshield 1616. Shield 1616 may include quartz glass. The quartz glass mayhave a transmissivity of UV-C light. Shield 1616 may prevent dust fromenvironment E from settling on the array. Shield 1616 may bedisplaceable from platform 1614. This may provide access by a user tothe array. Shield 1616 may be removable from fixture 1606.

Mount 1604 may include bracket 1618. Bracket 1618 may include holes forfasteners (not shown). The fasteners may attach fixture 1606 tostructure S. Mount 1604 may include hanger 1620. Hanger 1620 may engagebracket 1618 at upper joint 1619. Hanger 1620 may engage fixtures 1606at a lower joint (not shown). Hanger 1620 may engage fixture 1608 at thelower joint or another lower joint (not shown). Mount 1604 may includecover 1623. Mount 1604 may include collar 1625. Cover 1623 may cover thelower joint or the other lower joint.

Arrangement 1600 may include louver 1622. Louver 1622 may includevertical blinds such as radial blinds 1624. Louver 1622 may includevertical blind such as circumferential blind 1627. Louver 1622 mayinclude vertical blind such as circumferential blind 1627. The blindsmay define open windows such as 1628. Louver 1622 may be deployed onhousing 1602. Louver 1622 may be deployed on platform 1614. Louver 1622may be deployed on flat shoulder 1626 of platform 1614. Louver 1622 mayreduce illumination from array 1607 that propagates in a non-verticaldirection. This may reduce the propagation of light to areas inenvironment E that are desired to be protected from the light. Louver1622 may be placed such that circumferential blind 1627 circumscribescover 1623. An outer surface of cover 1623 may center louver 1622relative to axis L₁₃ as louver is lowered toward flat shoulder 1626.

Louver 1622 may be deployed manually. Louver 1622 may be deployed byreleasing louver 1622 from canopy 1605. Guides (not shown) may guidelouver 1622 from canopy 1605 to the deployed state. Arrangement 1600 mayinclude a sensor (not shown) that detects the presence of an object orperson in environment E. The sensor may trigger the release of louver1622.

Shaft 1632 may be fixed to hanger 1620. Shaft 1632 may be rotationally(about axis L₁₇) fixed with respect to hanger 1620. Shaft 1632 may belongitudinally (along axis L₅) fixed with respect to hanger 1620.Electric motor 1613 may include windings (not shown) and magnets (notshown) that drive shaft 1632 to rotate about axis L₁₇ relative to shaft1632. Drive shaft 1632 may be rotationally (about axis L₁₇) fixed withrespect to flange 1636. Drive shaft 1632 may rotate flange 1636. Flange1636 may be fixed to and rotate blades such as 1612.

Housing 1602 may be rotationally (about axis L₁₇) fixed with respect tohanger 1620.

FIG. 17 shows in part illustrative arrangement 1700. Arrangement 1700may have one or more features in common with arrangement 200.Arrangement 1700 is shown from a perspective defined by view lines 17-17in FIG. 15. The view of FIG. 17 corresponds to view box 17 of FIG. 16.Arrangement 1700 may be included in fixture 112. Arrangement 1700 mayinclude housing 1702. Housing 1702 may have one or more features incommon with fixture support 116. Arrangement 1700 may include fixture1706. Fixture 1706 may include array 1707. Array 1707 may includelight-emitting diodes such as 1708.

Fixture 1706 may include platform 1714. Platform 1714 may support array1707. Fixture 1706 may include reflector 1716. Platform 1714 may supportreflector 1716. Reflector 1716 may have a parabolic cross-section.Reflector 1716 may focus light from emitter 1708 toward the upwarddirection.

FIG. 18 shows in part illustrative arrangement 1800. Arrangement 1800may have one or more features in common with arrangement 200.Arrangement 1800 is shown from a perspective defined by view lines 18-18in FIG. 15. The view of FIG. 18 corresponds to view box 18 of FIG. 16.Arrangement 1800 may be included in fixture 112. Arrangement 1800 mayinclude housing 1802. Housing 1802 may have one or more features incommon with fixture support 116. Arrangement 1800 may include fixture1806. Fixture 1806 may include array 1807. Array 1807 may includelight-emitting diodes such as 1808.

Fixture 1806 may include platform 1814. Platform 1814 may support array1807. Fixture 1806 may include reflector 1816. Platform 1814 may supportreflector 1816. Reflector 1816 may have a “U”-shaped cross-section. Thecross-section may include vertical walls 1818 and 1820. Reflector 1816may focus light from emitter 1808 toward the upward direction.

FIG. 19 shows in part illustrative arrangement 1900. Arrangement 1900may have one or more features in common with arrangement 200.Arrangement 1900 is shown from a perspective defined by view lines 19-19in FIG. 15. The view of FIG. 19 corresponds to view box 19 of FIG. 16.Arrangement 1900 may be included in fixture 112. Arrangement 1900 mayinclude housing 1902. Housing 1902 may have one or more features incommon with fixture support 116. Arrangement 1900 may include fixture1906. Fixture 1906 may include array 1907. Array 1907 may includelight-emitting diodes such as 1908.

Fixture 1906 may include platform 1914. Platform 1914 may support array1907. Platform 1914 may include heat sink 1916.

FIG. 20-22 show an illustrative germicidal fan lamp. The germicidal fanlamp may have one or more features in common with arrangement 200. Thelamp may include a ceiling plate. The lamp may include a spindle. Thelamp may include a UVC germicidal lamp assembly. The lamp may include arotating motor. The lamp may include a rotating bladed disk (a “blisk”).An upper end of the spindle may be fixedly connected to a lower end ofthe ceiling plate, a lower end of the spindle may be fixedly connectedto a stator end of the rotating motor. The rotating blisk may beinstalled on a rotor end of the rotating motor. The UVC germicidal lampassembly may be provided over the spindle and arranged above therotating motor.

The UVC germicidal lamp may emit light upwards.

Blisk 2005 may cycle through forward and reverse rotations to pass airthrough light from the UVC germicidal lamp for sterilization of the air.After sterilization, the UVC germicidal lamp assembly may be turned off,but rotating blisk 2005 may remain powered to circulate air inenvironment E.

The UVC germicidal lamp assembly may include chassis 2231. The UVCgermicidal lamp assembly may include UVC LED module 2232. The UVCgermicidal lamp assembly may include quartz glass 2233. The UVCgermicidal lamp assembly may include cushion 2234. The UVC germicidallamp assembly may include fixing plate 2235. Chassis 2231, UVC LEDmodule 2232, quartz glass 2233, cushion 2234 and fixing plate 2235 maybe arranged from bottom to top. UVC LED module 2232 may be installed atan upper end of chassis 2231. Quartz glass 2233 may cover an uppersurface of UVC LED module 2232. Upper and lower ends of cushion 2234 maybe pressed against fixing plate 2235 and the quartz glass 2233,respectively. One or more of chassis 2231, UVC LED module 2232, quartzglass 2233, cushion 2234, and fixing plate 2235 may include a throughhole. A mounting component may be arranged on an inner side of fixingplate 2235 and fixedly connected to chassis 2231. Chassis 2231 may befixedly connected to the stator end of rotating motor 2104.

Quartz glass 2233 may have high UVC transmittance (above 90%transmittance). Quartz glass 2233 may be arranged to protect UVC LEDmodule 2232. Since glue may fail under ultraviolet radiation, UVCgermicidal lamp assembly 2003 may include mechanical fixation of quartzglass 2233. Quartz glass 2233 may be pressed tightly on UVC LED module2232 through fixing plate 2235. This may effect the fixation. Cushion2234 may be arranged between fixing plate 2235 and quartz glass 2233.This may prevent quartz glass 2233 from fracture due to excessivepressure. One or more of chassis 2231, UVC LED module 2232, quartz glass2233, cushion 2234, and fixing plate 2235 may include a through hole forspindle 2002 to pass through.

UVC LED module 2232 may include substrate 2221. UVC LED module 2232 mayinclude a plurality of LED lamp slices 2222. Lamp slices 2222 may bearranged on substrate 2221. Light emitted by LED lamp slice 2222 mayhave a wavelength in the range 200 to 280 nm. Light radiation in thisrange of wavelengths may act on microorganisms (bacteria, viruses,spores, and other pathogens), breaks molecular structures of DNA and RNAin cells of the microorganisms, cause breakage of DNA chains andcross-linking damage of nucleic acid and protein, and may cause death ofgrowth cells and regenerative cells, thereby effecting disinfection andsterilization.

Substrate 2221 may include a plurality of first mounting holes 2223.Chassis 2231 include a plurality of second mounting holes 2211 atpositions corresponding to the first mounting holes 2223. Fasteners 2207may be inserted into first mounting holes 2223 and second mounting holes2211. First mounting holes 2223 and second mounting holes 2211 may bealigned with each other. Fixed connection between substrate 2221 andchassis 2231 through fasteners 2207 may stabilize the position of theUVC LED module 2232, reduce vibration, and reduce or avoid damage to UVCLED module 2232 from vibration.

The fasteners 2207 may be screws.

Signal receiver 2111 may be arranged in ceiling plate 2001. One or bothof UVC germicidal lamp assembly 2003 and rotating motor 2104 may beelectrically connected to signal receiver 2111. Signal receiver 2111 maybe configured to receive a control signal from controller 2108 tocontrol turning on of UVC germicidal lamp assembly 2003, turning onrotating motor 2104, a rotating direction of rotating motor 2104, andthe like.

LED lighting module 2006 may be installed at a lower end of blisk 2005,and may provide a lighting function. LED lighting module 2006 may beelectrically connected to signal receiver 2111. LED lighting module 2006may be independently controlled by the controller 2108.

FIG. 23 shows illustrative circuit 2300 for an array such as 210.Circuit 2300 may be an AC LED circuit. Circuit 2300 may includerectifier 2302. Circuit 2300 may include AC power supply 2304. Circuit2300 may include LED circuit 2306.

Rectifier 2302 may receive a 120 VAC line input. Rectifier 2302 mayoutput to power supply 2304 a full-wave rectified voltage having avoltage such as 170 V. Power supply 2304 may receive the voltage, andmay provide it to LED circuit 2306 as incremental DC voltages. CapacitorEC1 2008 may maintain any ripple current voltage at no more than 20% ofthe voltage output from power supply 2304. Switch Q1 2310 may open andclose to allow increments of current to flow through LED circuit 2304.Microcontroller U1 2312, via gate pin 4 2314 may trigger switch Q1 2310to provide the incremental current to flow through LED circuit 2304. LEDcircuit 2304 may include LED string 2316. LED string 2316 may includeUV-C LEDs LED1-LED21. LED string 2316 may include visible light (e.g.,one or more of red, green, blue and any other suitable color) LEDs BlueLED3 and Blue LED1.

LED circuit 2304 may include LED string 2318. LED string 2318 mayinclude UV-C LEDs LED24-LED44. LED string 2318 may include visible light(e.g., one or more of red, green, blue and any other suitable color)LEDs Blue LED4 and Blue LED2.

Strings 2316 and 2318 may be wired in parallel. Strings 2316 and 2318may be wired in series.

The visible light LEDs may be in line with strings 2316 and 2318. Thevisible LEDs may be controlled by microcontroller U1 2312 separatelyfrom the control of the UV-C LEDs.

FIG. 24 shows an illustrative printed circuit board (“PCB”) layout 2400that may be implemented for a circuit such as 2300. Layout 2400 mayinclude segment 712. Layout 2400 may include segment 714.

FIG. 25 shows part of illustrative architecture 100 along with light2502 emitted, in the aggregate, from emitters of fixture 112 and items2504. Light 2502 is incident on items 2504.

FIG. 26 shows two views of a schematic arrangement that corresponds toapparatus shown in FIG. 25. View 2602 corresponds to a view taken alonglines 26-26 (shown in FIG. 25). View 2604 corresponds to the view shownin FIG. 25.

Structure S₂₆ may correspond to structure S. Work stand W₂₆ maycorrespond to work stand W. One or both of structure S₂₆ work stand W₂₆may include all some of partition P.

Table 16 lists illustrative ranges that may include values of height Δz,of fixture 2606, above work stand W₂₆, d, the horizontal depth of workstand W₂₆, and c, a horizontal length along partition P₂₆ that is to beilluminated by a single fixture such as 2606, of work stand W₂₆.

TABLE 16 Illustrative ranges that may include values of Δz, d and c Δz dc (in.) (in.) (in.) Range Range Range Lower Upper Lower Upper LowerUpper <6 6 <6 6 <6 6 6 12 6 12 6 12 12 18 12 18 12 18 18 24 18 24 18 2424 30 24 30 24 30 30 36 30 36 30 36 36 42 36 42 36 42 42 48 42 48 42 4848 54 48 54 48 54 54 60 54 60 54 60 60 66 60 66 60 66 66 72 66 72 66 7272 78 72 78 72 78 78 84 78 84 78 84 84 90 84 90 84 90 90 96 90 96 90 9696 >96 96 >96 96 >96 Other suitable ranges that may include illuminationintensity of array 210

Fixture 2606 may have one or more features in common with fixture 102.Fixture 2606 may propagate light 2502 onto work stand W₂₆. Partition Pmay block light 2502. Fixture 2606 may limit light 2502 to be propagatedwithin an angle α of partition P. Light 2502 may define a beam. The beammay have edge 2608. Edge 2608 may be defined as having half the lightintensity of the maximum intensity of the beam. Edge 2608 may bedetected by optical goniometry. Edge 2608 may lie at angle α. Table 17lists illustrative ranges that may include α.

TABLE 17 Illustrative values of α (°) Range Lower Upper <15 15 15 20 2025 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 70 70 75 75 >75Other suitable ranges that may values of α

Fixture 2606 may have width f. Fixture 2606 may limit light 2502 to bepropagated within an angle γ with respect to vertical V and spanningalong partition P. The beam may have edge 2610. Edge 2610 may be definedas having half the light intensity of the maximum intensity of the beam.Edge 2610 may be detected by optical goniometry. Edge 2610 may lie atangle γ. Table 18 lists illustrative ranges that may include γ.

TABLE 18 Illustrative ranges that may include γ Range Lower Upper <15 1515 20 20 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 70 70 7575 >75 Other suitable ranges that may include γ

When Δz is in the range 18″-24″, and f is 12″, light 2502 may cover 36″along work stand W₂₆.

FIG. 27 shows illustrative fixture 2702. Fixture 2702 may have one ormore features in common with fixture 102. Fixture 2702 may includehousing 2704. Housing 2704 may include aluminum. Housing 2704 may definean internal channel (not shown). The internal channel may house agermicidal emitter array (not shown). The internal channel may house amarker emitter (not shown) that emits light in the visual spectrum. Theinternal channel may include a light-absorptive coating (not shown). Thelight-absorptive coating may include black paint. Fixture 2702 mayinclude a lower face (not shown) through which light is propagated.

Fixture 2702 may include delay-time control shaft 2706. A user mayrotate control shaft 2706 to set a delay time for fixture 2702. Thedelay time may be a time after which fixture 2702 will begin to emitlight. The delay may provide for a user to exit the area in which thefixture is located, if desired, before the fixture turns on.

Fixture 2702 may include ON-time control shaft 2708. A user may rotatecontrol shaft 2708 to set an ON-time time for fixture 2702. The ON-timemay be a duration of time during which fixture 2702 is programmed toemit light.

Housing 2704 may include spine 2710. Fasteners such as 2712 may supportone or both of the emitter arrays.

Housing 2704 may include end plates such as 2714.

Fixture 2702 may include connectors such as 2716. Connector 2716 mayconnect with a cable (not shown). The cable may provide power to fixture2702. The cable may provide communication between fixture 2702 and afixture controller (not shown). Fixture 2702 may include ports such as2717 to receive a connector on a cable end. The connector may be aquick-connect type connector. Using the connectors, fixtures such as2702 may be daisy-chained together with other such fixtures, with othertypes of fixtures, with sensors, control modules, communication networksand the like. A motion sensor may thus be used to turn off a run offixtures. The motion sensor may be located in a strategic location, suchas a doorway, hallway, or entranceway to a room or closet in which thefixture or run of fixtures is located. The fixture or fixtures may thusbe turned off in advance of the arrival of a person, animal or otherobject.

Fixture 2702 may be attached to a structure such as S by a bracket suchas 2718. Mounting surface 2720 may be oriented at an angle, with respectto spine 2710, that is fixed. Fixture 2702 may be attached to thestructure by a bracket such as 2722. Bracket 2722 may include mountingsurface 2724. Mounting surface 2724 may be oriented at an angle, withrespect to spine 2710, that is adjustable by pivoting mounting surface2724 about pin 2726. The brackets may be attached to fixture 2702 and tothe structure with suitable fasteners. The fasteners may engage fixture2702 in recess 2728 and another recess (not shown) on the opposite sideof fixture 2702.

FIG. 28 shows fixture 2702 from a perspective different from that shownin FIG. 27. Fixture 2702 may include diffuser 2802. Diffuser 2802 may betransmissive of UV-C light. Diffuser 2802 may include quartz glass.

FIG. 29 shows a partial view of fixture 2702 taken along lines 29-29(shown in FIG. 27). Circuit board 2902 may support rotational switchcircuit 2904. Circuit board 2902 may support rotational switch circuit2906. Rotational switch circuit 2904 may be actuated by shaft 2706.Rotational switch circuit 2906 may be actuated by shaft 2708. Circuitboard 2902 may support a germicidal light-emitting diode such as 2908.Circuit board 2902 may support a visual spectrum light-emitting diodesuch as 2910. Germicidal light-emitting diodes may be disposed in canssuch as 2912. Hat 2912 may concentrate visual spectrum light in a regionof diffuser 2802. Hat 2912 may include lower lip 2914. Lower lip 2914may be disposed flush against diffuser 2802.

Fixture 2702 may include connector 2916. Connector 2916 may connect witha cable (not shown). The cable may provide power to fixture 2702. Thecable may provide communication between fixture 2702 and a fixturecontroller (not shown). Fixture 2702 may include ports such as 2917 toreceive a connector on a cable end.

FIG. 30 shows a partial view of fixture 2702 taken along lines30(1)-30(1) and 30(2)-30(2) (shown in FIG. 27). Fixture 2702 may includevisual spectrum emitter 3002. Emitter 3002 may be disposed in hat 3004.Hat 3004 may be mounted on circuit board 2902. Fixture 2702 may includegermicidal emitter 3006. Fixture 2702 may include germicidal emitter3008. Fastener 3010 may be anchored in fastener 3012. Fastener 3012 maybe anchored in spine 2710 against movement along vertical V. Channel3014 in housing 2704 may include an insert (not shown). The insert maycounteract upward vertical motion of circuit board 2902. The insert mayinclude polymer. The insert may maintain tension between head 3016 offastener 3012 and head 3018 of faster 3010. Head 3016 may be countersunkis spine 2710.

FIG. 31 shows illustrative arrangement 3100. Arrangement 3100 mayinclude fixture 3102. Arrangement 3100 may include fixture 3104.Arrangement 3100 may include fixture 3106. One or more of the fixturesmay have one or more features in common with fixture 112. The fixturesmay have different lengths. For example, fixtures 3102, 3104 and 3106may have lengths of 12″, 24″ and 36″, respectively. Arrangement 3100 mayinclude junction box 3108. Arrangement 3100 may include power andcommunication box 3110. Arrangement 3100 may include motion sensor 3112.Arrangement 3100 may include cables 3114, 3116, 3118, 3120, 3122 and anyother suitable cables. The cables may be configured to provide power tothe fixtures. The cables may be configured to transmit communicationsignals. The cables may include connectors that mate with complementaryconnectors in the fixtures. Arrangement 3100 may include brackets (notshown) for attachment to a structure such as S of fixtures 3102, 3104,3106, junction box 3108, electrical box 3110 and motion sensor 3112.Electrical box 3110 may be in electrical communication with a powersource (not shown) outside arrangement 3100. Electrical box 3110 may bein electrical communication with control circuits (not shown) outsidearrangement 3100. Electrical box 3110 may include a power supply foremitters in the fixture.

FIG. 32 shows illustrative motion sensor 3112. Motion sensor 3112 mayinclude cover 3202. Motion sensor 3112 may include connector 3204 forconnection with a cable such as 3124. Motion sensor 3112 may includesensor 3206. Sensor 3206 may operate by passively sensing IR radiation,emitting, and detecting reflections of, microwave radiation, emitting,and detecting reflections of, ultrasonic energy, or by any othersuitable approach. Motion sensor 3112 may include sensitivity-controlshaft 3208.

FIG. 33 shows motion sensor 3112 without cover 3202. Motion sensor 3112may include circuit board 3302. Shaft 3208 may control rotary switch3304. Circuit board 3302 may be in electrical communication (viaconductors, not shown) with connector 3204, sensor 3206 and rotaryswitch 3304. In operation, motion sensor 3112 may detect motion of aliving body in environment E. If the motion exceeds a threshold set byrotary switch 3304, a circuit (not shown) may transmit a communicationvia connector 3204 to a fixture control circuit (not shown) that isconfigured to switch OFF one or more of the fixtures.

FIG. 34 shows schematically a view analogous to that taken along viewlines 30-30 (shown in FIG. 27) of fixture 2702 of illustrative fixture3400. Fixture 3400 may have one or more features in common with fixture112. Fixture 3400 may include housing 3402. Housing 3402 may includealuminum. Housing 3402 may include interior 3403. Interior 3403 may havea light-absorptive coating (not shown). The coating may be black. Thecoating may include paint. Housing 3402 may include web 3404. Housing3402 may include side 3406. Housing 3402 may include side 3408. Fixture3400 may include emitter array 3410. Emitter array 3410 may includegermicidal emitters. Emitter array 3410 may include visible spectrumemitters. Emitter array 3410 array may be mounted on web 3404. Fixture3400 may include diffuser 3412. Diffuser 3412 may include quartz glass.Sides 3406 and 3408 may include, respectively, channels 3414 and 3416.Channels 3414 and 3416 may secure diffuser 3412. Sides 3406 and 3408 mayinclude, respectively, “C”-slots 3418 and 3420. “C”-slots 3418 and 3420may secure a seal (not shown). The seal may reduce or preventinfiltration of particles or moisture into interior 3403 of housing3402.

Sides 3406 and 3408 may include, respectively, extensions 3424 and 3426.The extensions may limit the spread of light propagating from emitterarray 3410.

Sides 3406 and 3408 may include, respectively, recesses 3428 and 3430.Recesses 3428 and 3430 may receive protrusions extending from a mountingbracket (not shown) for mounting to a structure such as S.

Width w₃₁ may be 0.91″ or any other suitable width. Height h₃₁ may be1.5″ or any other suitable height.

FIG. 35 shows schematically illustrative circuit 3500 for providinggermicidal lighting. Circuit 3500 may include power conditioning module3502. Circuit 3500 may include LED driver module 3504. Circuit 3500 mayinclude germicidal emitter array 3506.

Power conditioning module 3502 may receive 24 VDC current from anexternal voltage supply (not shown). Power conditioning module 3502 mayprovide 24 VDC to LED driver module 3504. Power conditioning module 3502may receive VDC current at any suitable voltage from an external voltagesupply (not shown). Power conditioning module 3502 may provide anysuitable VDC to LED driver module 3504.

Driver module 3504 may provide conditioned 24 VDC current to LED. Drivermodule 3504 may include DC-DC converting microcontroller 3508 (U1) forhigh-speed switching of current to LED driver module 3504 using MOSFET3510 (Q1) coupled near low voltage end 3512 of germicidal emitter array3506.

Microcontroller 3508 (U1) may receive at DIN pin 3514 (3) germicidalemitter enable voltage 3516. Enable voltage 3516 may be set by amicrocontroller (not shown) based on settings or conditions such as oneor more of a delay time, a duration (“ON time”), a sensor condition(such as motion or occupancy), and a user command.

FIG. 36 shows schematically illustrative visual spectrum LED circuit3600. LED circuit 3600 may include RGB (red, green, blue) module 3602(LED8).

Module 3602 (LED8) may include a blue emitter. Module 3602 (LED8) mayinclude a green emitter. Module 3602 (LED8) may include a red emitter.Circuit 3600 may include MOSFET switch 3606 (Q2) in line with the greenemitter. Circuit 3600 may include MOSFET switch 3608 (Q4) in line withthe red emitter. Circuit 3600 may include another MOSFET switch (notshown) in line with the blue emitter.

The microcontroller may, using pins such as 3610 (PD3) and 3612 (PD4) toopen and close one or more of the emitters to signal to a user anoperational state of the germicidal emitter array.

Module 3602 (LED8) may receive 5 VDC current 3604 from a current source(not shown).

FIG. 37 shows schematically illustrative visual spectrum LED circuit3700. LED circuit 3700 may include RGB (red, green, blue) module 3702(LED7).

Module 3702 (LED7) may include a blue emitter. Module 3702 (LED7) mayinclude a green emitter. Module 3702 (LED7) may include a red emitter.Circuit 3700 may include MOSFET switch 3704 (Q5) in line with the greenemitter. Circuit 3700 may include MOSFET switch 3706 (Q6) in line withthe red emitter. Circuit 3700 may include another MOSFET switch (notshown) in line with the blue emitter.

The microprocessor may, using pins such as 3610 (PD3) and 3612 (PD4) toopen and close one or more of the emitters to signal to a user anoperational state of the germicidal emitter array.

Module 3702 (LED7) may receive 5 VDC current 3604 from a current source(not shown).

FIG. 38 shows schematically illustrative microcontroller circuit 3800.Circuit 3800 may include power supply 3802. Circuit 3800 may includemicrocontroller 3804 (U2). Circuit 3800 may include delay-time module3806. Circuit 3800 may include on-time module 3808. Circuit 3800 mayinclude communication connector 3810 (CON2). Circuit 3800 may includemotion sensing module 3813.

Power supply 3802 may be disposed in a housing such as 2710. Powersupply 3802 may be disposed in an electrical box such as 3110.

Power supply 3802 may include linear regulator 3812 (U3). Linearregulator may be a low drop-out regulator. Regulator 3812 may convert 24VDC to 5 VDC. Regulator 3812 may provide the 5 VDC to microcontroller3804 (U2).

Regulator 3812 may provide the 5 VDC to visual spectrum LED circuit3600. Regulator 3812 may provide the 5 VDC to visual spectrum LEDcircuit 3700. Regulator 3812 may provide the 5 VDC to supply todelay-time module 3806. Regulator 3812 may provide the 5 VDC to supplyto on-time module 3808. Regulator 3812 may provide the 5 VDC to supplyto motion sensing module 3813. Regulator 3812 may provide the 5 VDC toany other suitable components or auxiliary circuits of circuit 3800.

Delay-time module 3806 may include switch 3814 (SW2). Switch 3814 may bea rotary switch. Microcontroller 3804 may receive a voltage at one ofpins 3816 (PC4), 3818 (PB4), 3820 (PC5) and 3822 (PC3), eachcorresponding to a user-selected position of switch 3814. The voltagemay correspond to a selected delay-time. Microcontroller 3804 may beprogrammed to implement the delay time.

On-time module 3808 may include switch 3824 (SW1). Switch 3824 may be arotary switch. Microcontroller 3804 may receive a voltage at one of pins3826 (PA1), 3828 (PC7), 3830 (PA2) and 3832 (PC6), each corresponding toa user-selected position of switch 3824. The voltage may correspond to aselected on-time. Microcontroller 3804 may be programmed to implementthe on-time.

Connector 3810 may be in electrical communication with a transmitter(not shown). The transmitter may be a wired transmitter. The transmittermay be a wireless transmitter. The receiver may be a wired receiver. Thereceiver may be a wireless receiver. Connector 3810 may be in electricalcommunication with a receiver (not shown). The transmitter and thereceiver may transmit and receive information such as information 126.Connector 3810 may be connected to transmit terminal 3834 (TX).Connector 3810 may be connected to receive terminal 3836 (RX).

Motion sensing module 3813 may include motion sensor 3838. Motion sensor3838 may detect motion in environment E. Motion sensor 3838 may detectmotion outside environment E. In response to the motion, motion sensor3838 may provide a voltage to microcontroller 3804 at pin 3840 (PA3).Voltage suppression diodes 3842 and 3844 may protect microcontroller3804 from a voltage surge from motion sensor 3838. Connector 3846 mayconnect motion sensor 3838 with pin 3848 (SWIU.PD1). Microcontroller3804 may power motion sensor 3838 ON and OFF through pin 3848.Microcontroller 3804 may adjust a sensing threshold or sensitivity ofmotion sensor 3838 through pin 3848. Motion sensor 3838 may include amanual switch that a user can use to power motion sensor 3838 ON andOFF. Motion sensor 3838 may include a manual switch that a user can useto adjust a sensing threshold or sensitivity of motion sensor 3838.

Table 19 lists illustrative features of a fixture such as 112.

TABLE 19 Illustrative features of a fixture such as 112. Power HousingInput consumption Length 2704 Emitters voltage (W/foot of (ƒ, in.)Material per foot (VDC) fixture) Germicidal Visible 12 Extruded 6 2 2410 aluminum 24 36 Other Other Other Other Other Other suitable suitablesuitable suitable suitable suitable power lengths makes and numbersnumbers voltages consumption materials linear densities

Apparatus may omit features shown and/or described in connection withillustrative apparatus. Embodiments may include features that areneither shown nor described in connection with the illustrativeapparatus. Features of illustrative apparatus may be combined. Forexample, an illustrative embodiment may include features shown inconnection with another illustrative embodiment.

For the sake of illustration, the steps of the illustrated processeswill be described as being performed by a “system.” A “system” mayinclude one or more of the features of the apparatus and scheme that areshown in FIG. 1-FIG. 38 and/or any other suitable device or approach.The “system” may include one or more means for performing one or more ofthe steps described herein.

The steps of methods may be performed in an order other than the ordershown and/or described herein. Embodiments may omit steps shown and/ordescribed in connection with illustrative methods. Embodiments mayinclude steps that are neither shown nor described in connection withillustrative methods.

Illustrative method steps may be combined. For example, an illustrativeprocess may include steps shown in connection with another illustrativeprocess.

FIG. 39 shows illustrative steps of process 3900 for providinggermicidal light. At step 3902, the system may receive an air treatmentinstruction from a user. At step 3904, if a fan is present, the systemmay determine a velocity for stirring air in environment E. At step3906, the system may provide germicidal light to volume. At step 3908,the system may reduce the beam volume in response to motion inenvironment E. At step 3908, the system may reduce the beam intensity inresponse to motion in environment E.

FIG. 40 shows illustrative steps that may be performed in connectionwith step 3904 of process 3900. At step 4002, the system may determine aheight above a floor. At step 4004, the system may determine a height ofa ceiling relative to a fan blade. At step 4006, the system may estimateair stability between the floor and the ceiling based on sensedtemperature and temperature differences. At step 4008, the system mayselect a fan speed to stir air in environment E into captive volume V₁.

FIG. 41 shows illustrative steps that may be performed in connectionwith step 3906 of process 3900. At step 4102, the system may determinethe volume of captive volume V₁. At step 4104, the system may select abeam shape. At step 4106, the system may select a beam intensity. Atstep 4108, the system may receive a delay time. At step 4110, the systemmay receive a duration. At step 4112, the system may wait until expiryof the delay time. At step 4114, the system may power ON a germicidalemitter array. At step 4116, the system may power OFF the germicidalemitter array at the expiry of the duration.

FIG. 42 shows illustrative steps that may be performed in connectionwith step 3908 of process 3900. At step 4202, the system may detect asafety condition. The safety condition may include motion in environmentE. The safety condition may include presence of germicidal light outsidethe captive volume. At step 4204, the system may deploy louvers. At step4206, the system may power OFF germicidal emitters. At step 4208, thesystem may adjust beam intensity. At step 4210, the system may adjust anexternal beam angle such as θ₁. At step 4212, the system may adjust aninternal beam angle such as θ₂. At step 4214, the system may adjust abeam spread angle such as beta. At step 4216, the system may adjust abeam reflector.

Embodiments may include features that are neither shown nor described inconnection with the illustrative apparatus. Features of illustrativeapparatus may be combined. For example, an illustrative embodiment mayinclude features shown in connection with another illustrativeembodiment. It is to be understood that structural, functional andprocedural modifications or omissions may be made without departing fromthe scope and spirit of the present invention.

As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, apparatus and methodsshown or described herein may be embodied in whole or in part as amethod, a data processing system, or a computer program product.Accordingly, such apparatus may take the form of, and such methods maybe performed by, an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely softwareembodiment or an embodiment combining software, hardware and any othersuitable approach or apparatus.

All ranges and parameters disclosed herein shall be understood toencompass any and all subranges subsumed therein, every number betweenthe endpoints, and the endpoints. For example, a stated range of “1 to10” should be considered to include any and all subranges between (andinclusive of) the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; thatis, all subranges beginning with a minimum value of 1 or more (e.g. 1 to6.1), and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less (e.g., 2.3 to 9.4, 3to 8, 4 to 7), and finally to each number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and10 contained within the range.

Functions of electrical circuits, or parts thereof, disclosed herein maybe incorporated into or combined with other electrical circuits, orparts thereof, disclosed herein, or with other suitable electricalcircuits.

Thus, apparatus, methods and algorithms for disinfecting air have beenprovided. Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that the presentinvention may be practiced by other than the described embodiments,which are presented for purposes of illustration rather than oflimitation.

1. Apparatus for disinfecting air, the apparatus comprising: a supportconfigured to be suspended from a structure; and a germicidal lightsource that is: supported by the support; and configured to emit, upwardfrom a horizontal plane, a beam that, absent reflection off anenvironmental object, does not cross the horizontal plane.
 2. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein the germicidal light source is configuredto neutralize a virion.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein thegermicidal light source is configured to neutralize a bacterium. 4-5.(canceled)
 6. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein: the light sourceincludes an array of light emitting diodes; and the array intersects thehorizontal plane.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the array definesthe horizontal plane.
 8. (canceled)
 9. The apparatus of claim 1 whereinthe light source includes an emitter that emits light having awavelength that is no longer than ultraviolet. 10-11. (canceled)
 12. Theapparatus of claim 9 wherein the wavelength is in the UV-C spectrum. 13.The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the light source is configured todisinfect air above the horizontal plane. 14-15. (canceled)
 16. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein the light source comprises a circular arrayof light-emitting diodes.
 17. (canceled)
 18. The apparatus of claim 1further comprising a controller that is configured to control a fixture;wherein: the light source is disposed in the fixture; and the fixture isconfigured to direct the beam.
 19. The apparatus of claim 1 furthercomprising a range sensor configured to estimate a distance between thehorizontal plane and a ceiling below which the support is suspended. 20.The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a controller that isconfigured to control the light source. 21-28. (canceled)
 29. Theapparatus of claim 20 further comprising a sensor configured to detect apresence of a living body; wherein the controller is configured tochange a beam characteristic of the light source in response todetection of the living body by the sensor. 30-33. (canceled)
 34. Theapparatus of claim 1 further comprising a reflection sensor configuredto detect a reflection of light from the light source from a structure.35. The apparatus of claim 34 wherein the structure is a ceiling. 36-37.(canceled)
 38. The apparatus of claim 34 wherein the controller isconfigured to change a beam characteristic of the light source inresponse to the reflection. 39-40. (canceled)
 41. The apparatus of claim1 wherein: the light source is disposed in a fixture; and the fixturesupports a louver that is configured to direct the beam.
 42. Theapparatus of claim 41 wherein the fixture includes: a motor configuredto adjust an attitude of the louver; and a motor-control configured to:control the motor; and receive from the controller an instruction toadjust the attitude. 43-54. (canceled)
 55. The apparatus of claim 20further comprising a control interface in electronic communication withthe controller; wherein the control interface is configured to receivean instruction conforming to a lighting control protocol. 56-61.(canceled)
 62. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a fansupported by the support.
 63. The apparatus of claim 62 wherein the fanis operative to flow room air through the beam.
 64. The apparatus ofclaim 62 wherein the fan is operable in an updraft mode in which the fandraws room air up from a lower region of a room.
 65. The apparatus ofclaim 62 wherein the fan is operable in a downdraft mode in which thefan forces room air down from an upper region of a room.
 66. Theapparatus of claim 62 further comprising: a light source controller; anda microprocessor; wherein the microprocessor is configured to adjust thelight source to provide a level of disinfecting energy that iscorrelated with a setting of the fan. 67-68. (canceled)
 69. Apparatusfor disinfecting air, the apparatus comprising a germicidal light sourcethat is configured to: be supported by a support suspended below aceiling; and emit, upward from a horizontal plane, a beam that, absentreflection off an environmental object, does not cross the horizontalplane.
 70. (canceled)
 71. The apparatus of claim 69 further comprising afan that is supported by the support. 72-123. (canceled)
 124. Apparatusfor disinfecting air, the apparatus comprising: a support configured tobe suspended from a structure; a fan blade that is configured to revolveabout an axis defined by the support; and a germicidal energy sourcethat is: supported by the support; and configured to emit into the airgermicidal energy; wherein operationally the fan blade causes relativemotion of the air with respect to the energy source.
 125. The apparatusof claim 124 wherein: the germicidal energy source includes: a cathode;and an anode; and the energy is transmitted in an electrical fieldestablished between the cathode and the anode.
 126. (canceled)
 127. Theapparatus of claim 124 wherein the energy has an intensity that issufficient to ionize a molecule.
 128. (canceled)
 129. The apparatus ofclaim 124 further comprising a rotatable electrical power contactconfigured to: rotate about the axis; receive electrical power from aconductor rotationally fixed to the support; and provide the electricalpower to the source; wherein the source is fixed to the blade. 130-136.(canceled)